As the legalization and accessibility of cannabis continues to increase, many pet owners are wondering: Is cannabis harmful to pets? The short answer is yes—cannabis can be toxic to dogs, cats, and other animals. While some pet owners might be tempted to give their furry companions cannabis for potential medicinal benefits, it is crucial to understand the risks and what to do if a pet accidentally ingests cannabis products.
Why Is Cannabis Harmful to Pets?
The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is toxic to pets. While humans have a tolerance for THC’s effects, pets have a far more sensitive endocannabinoid system, making them highly susceptible to intoxication. Dogs, in particular, have a higher number of cannabinoid receptors in their brains, which makes them more vulnerable to THC poisoning.
Unlike humans, pets metabolize THC differently, leading to prolonged and potentially severe effects. Even small amounts of THC can cause significant issues in animals, especially if they consume edibles, oils, or concentrated cannabis products. On the other hand, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, is often marketed for pets, but it should only be given under veterinary supervision.
Symptoms of Cannabis Toxicity in Pets
If a pet ingests cannabis, symptoms typically appear within 30 to 90 minutes and can last for several hours, depending on the dose and the animal’s size. Signs of cannabis toxicity in pets include:
- Lethargy or excessive sedation
- Loss of coordination or difficulty walking (wobbly gait)
- Drooling or vomiting
- Dilated pupils and glassy eyes
- Increased heart rate or, in severe cases, dangerously low heart rate
- Tremors, seizures, or muscle twitching
- Urinary incontinence (dribbling urine)
- Sensitivity to light and sound
- Agitation or, conversely, extreme depression
Severe cases of cannabis poisoning can lead to coma or even death, though fatalities are rare. However, complications such as aspiration pneumonia (caused by vomiting and inhaling stomach contents) can be life-threatening.
What to Do If Your Pet Consumes Cannabis
If you suspect that your pet has ingested cannabis, it is essential to act quickly. Here’s what you should do:
- Assess the Situation – Try to determine what type of cannabis product your pet consumed, how much, and when. Edibles with chocolate, xylitol, or artificial sweeteners are even more dangerous than cannabis alone.
- Monitor Symptoms – Look for the signs of toxicity mentioned above. If your pet is showing severe symptoms such as seizures, extreme lethargy, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate veterinary attention.
- Contact a Veterinarian – Call your vet or a pet poison control hotline, such as the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) or Pet Poison Helpline (855-764-7661). Be honest about the situation—veterinarians are there to help, not to judge.
- Do Not Induce Vomiting Unless Advised – Unlike other toxins, inducing vomiting after cannabis ingestion is not always recommended and may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Follow your vet’s guidance.
- Provide Supportive Care – If your vet advises at-home monitoring, ensure your pet is in a quiet, safe environment away from bright lights and loud noises. Offer fresh water and prevent them from falling or injuring themselves.
- Emergency Veterinary Care – If symptoms worsen or if your pet consumed a large amount of THC, immediate hospitalization may be necessary. Vets can administer IV fluids, activated charcoal to reduce absorption, and medications to stabilize heart rate and prevent vomiting.
Preventing Cannabis Exposure in Pets
The best way to protect your pet from cannabis toxicity is through prevention:
- Store Cannabis Products Securely – Keep all cannabis products, including edibles, flower, and oils, in airtight containers out of reach of pets.
- Be Mindful of Secondhand Smoke – Smoking or vaping cannabis around pets can expose them to harmful effects. Always ensure proper ventilation or use cannabis away from animals.
- Educate Household Members and Guests – Make sure everyone in your home understands that cannabis can be harmful to pets and that they should keep products away from animals.
- Use CBD Products With Caution – If you want to explore CBD for pets, consult with a veterinarian to ensure proper dosing and product quality.
Final Thoughts
While cannabis may have benefits for humans, it is not safe for pets, especially when consumed in uncontrolled amounts. THC toxicity in pets can lead to serious health complications, and prompt veterinary care is crucial in cases of accidental ingestion. As cannabis becomes more accessible, pet owners should remain vigilant in keeping these products out of reach and seek professional guidance if their furry friends are exposed. By taking preventive measures and acting quickly in an emergency, you can keep your pet safe and healthy.